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- $Unique_ID{BRK03905}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Klinefelter Syndrome}
- $Subject{Klinefelter Syndrome}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 96:
- Klinefelter Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or
- treatment purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this
- disorder, please contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed
- in the "Resources" section of this report.
-
- Klinefelter Syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of one or
- more extra x-chromosomes in at least one tissue, is the most frequent cause
- of primary hypogonadism. Hypogonadism is a condition in which abnormally
- decreased functional activity of the gonads results in retardation of growth
- and sexual development). Klinefelter Syndrome is clearly evident only after
- puberty with evidence of infertility and/or eunuchoidism of varying degrees.
- Abnormally large mammary glands occur with high frequency.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The most common symptoms of Klinefelter Syndrome may include abnormally
- small testes which contain sclerosed (hard) tubules, lack of sperm, enlarged
- mammary glands, and abnormally small penis. Mental deficiency may also
- occur. Other clinical manifestations may include retarded development of
- external and accessory sex organs, absence of beard and body hair, a high
- pitched voice, and a striking lack of muscular development.
-
- If mosaicism (cells consisting of male tissue in one part and female
- tissue in another part) with the XXY genotype occurs in only a few cell
- lines, many of these characteristics may be absent. In this case, the only
- manifestation of the disorder might be either infertility or decreased
- fertility.
-
- Causes
-
- Klinefelter Syndrome results from the presence of supernumerary X
- chromosomes.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Only males are predominantly affected with Klinefelter Syndrome. The rate
-
- of occurrence is 1 in 500.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of male primary hypogonadism is with androgens to promote
- virilization. Testosterone enanthate or cypionate may provide satisfactory
- replacement. However, patients with Klinefelter Syndrome cannot become
- fertile so gonadotropin therapy need not be considered. Mastectomy may be
- necessary for cosmetic purposes in some patients.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Klinefelter Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Klinefelter's Syndrome Association of America
- P.O. Box 93
- Pine River, WI 54965
-
- Klinefelter Syndrome and Associates
- P.O. Box 119
- Roseville, CA 95661-0119
-
- Klinefelter's Syndrome Support Group of Canada
- P.O. Box 5000
- Pentanguishene, Ontario, LOK 1PO
- Canada
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 167-70, 1412-13.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. Pp. 2074-5, 2150.
-
-